Chapter for a forthcoming book about the Baja California finds. The art of navigation in England in Elizabethan and Early Stuart Times. Forthcoming from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City. The Ming Porcelains from the Manila Galleon Wreck found in Baja California. With Analysis of the Marks by Sheila Keppel and Descriptions of the Porcelain Industry by Dr. Wu (Ed.), Early navigation in Asia-Pacific Region-A maritime archaeological perspective. Sixteenth-century Manila Galleon Cargos on the American West Coast and A Kraak Plate Chronology. Galleon Cargo Because the galleons had to carry everything necessary to support its passengers and crew, as well as arms and ammunition in case of attackand the fact that owners and merchants wanted to make as much money as they couldthe galleons often carried much more than they were allowed to by royal decree. The early Wanli Ming porcelains from the Baja California Shipwreck identified as the 1576 Manila Galleon San Felipe. Note that the ship was identified as the San Felipe until new documentation proved otherwise. This chronology was revised in 2007 to ca. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. Pottery from Spanish Shipwrecks 1500–1800. Weapons of wars: The armaments of the Mary Rose. The underwater archaeology of Red Bay (5 Vols.). Grenier, R., Bernier, M.-A., & Stevens, W. Before the mast: Life and death aboard the Mary Rose. Cambridge: Published for the Hakluyt Society, at the University Press. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.ĭe Morga, A. Spanish Colonial silver coins in the Florida Collection. San Juan, Puerto Rico: Ediciones Juan Ponce de Leon.Ĭraig, A. Compendio de las Piezas de Ocho Reales (2 Vols.). Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw.Ĭalbeto de Grau, G. Behouden uit het Behouden Huis (Catalog of the finds from the 1596 Barents expedition in Nova Zembla). The galleon could withstand the rigors of ocean voyages.Braat, J., Gawronski, J. The Spanish used the vast amount of cargo space in the galleon to carry the New World treasure across the Atlantic. Many European countries used galleons as merchant or supply ships in peace, and could quickly convert them to war ships in times of trouble. Galleons were often cheaper to build than the more traditional caravel or carrack. Galleons were generally smaller than the Portuguese carrack, which weighed an average of 500 tons. The forecastle was lower than the aft castle with a flat stern for speed. Below the bowsprit was a “beak” used for ramming. The galleon usually carried three masts, and the fore and main masts were square rigged, with the mizzenmast being lateen rigged. The caravel was like sailing a bathtub, so the hull of the galleon was elongated for stability, and the forecastle was lowered, creating less wind resistance that helped increase the speed of the ship and its ability to maneuver. Galleons were also fitted as warships and tended to have more ribs and bracing to withstand gunfire. The shipwright varied hull and sail configuration based on the ship’s homeport, its destination, and the cargo it carried. The galleon design varied between regions. The galleon developed in the early 16th century from ships such as the caravel and the carrack.
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